Mushrooms with an ovoid fruit body
Egg-shaped mushrooms
Coprinus gray (Coprinus atramentarius).
Family: Coprinaceae (Coprinaceae).
Season: end of June - end of October.
Growth: in large groups.
Description:
The cap of the young mushroom is ovoid, then wide-bell-shaped.
The flesh is light, quickly darkening, sweetish in taste. The surface of the hat is gray or grayish-brown, in the center it is darker, with small, darkish scales. The ring is white, it quickly disappears. The edge of the hat is cracked.
Leg white, slightly brownish at the base, smooth, hollow, often strongly curved. Lamellae loose, wide, frequent; in young mushrooms, they are white, blacken by age, then autolize (spread into a black liquid) together with a hat.
Conditionally edible mushroom. It is edible only at a young age after preliminary boiling. Drinking with alcohol causes poisoning.
Ecology and distribution:
It grows on humus-rich soils, in fields, vegetable gardens, landfills, near manure and compost heaps, in a forest on clearings, near trunks and stumps of hardwood.
Coprinus white (Coprinus comatus).
Family: Coprinaceae (Coprinaceae).
Season: mid-August - mid-October.
Growth: in large groups.
Description:
The pulp is white, soft. At the top of the cap is a brown tubercle.
The leg is white, with a silky sheen, hollow. In old mushrooms, the plate and hat autolize.
The cap of the young mushroom is elongated ovoid, then narrow-bell-shaped, whitish or brownish, covered with fibrous scales. With age, the plates begin to turn pink from below. The plates are free, wide, frequent, white.
The fungus is edible only at a young age (before darkening of the plates). Must be recycled on collection day; It is recommended to pre-boil. Do not mix with other mushrooms.
Ecology and distribution:
It grows on loose soils rich in organic fertilizers, on pastures, gardens, in gardens and parks.
Coprinus flicker (Coprinus micaceus).
Family: Coprinaceae (Coprinaceae).
Season: end of May - end of October.
Growth: in groups or splices.
Description:
The peel is yellow-brown, in young mushrooms it is covered with very small granular scales formed from a thin common. The lamellae are thin, frequent, wide, grown; the color is whitish at first, then they turn black and blur.
The flesh at a young age is white, sour taste.
Leg whitish, hollow, fragile; its surface is smooth or slightly silky. The edge of the cap is sometimes torn.
The hat is bell-shaped or ovoid with a furrowed surface.
Conditionally edible mushroom. Usually not collected due to the small size and rapid autolysis of the caps. Used fresh.
Ecology and distribution:
It grows both in forests, on deciduous tree wood, and in city parks, courtyards, on stumps or on the roots of old and damaged trees.
Egg-like mushroom dung beetles are shown in these photos:
Mushroom funky or damn (witch) egg
Veselka ordinary (Phallus impudicus) or a damn (witch) egg.
Family: Merry (Phallaceae).
Season: May - October.
Growth: singly and in groups
Description of the fungus fungus (damn egg):
The remains of the egg shell. A mature bell-shaped hat, with a hole on the top, is covered with dark olive mucus with a smell falling. The growth rate after maturation of the egg reaches 5 mm per minute. When the spore-bearing layer is eaten by insects, the hat becomes cotton with well-marked cells.
The foot is spongy, hollow, with thin walls.
The young fruiting body is semi-underground, oval-spherical or ovoid, 3-5 cm in diameter, off-white.
Young fruiting bodies, peeled and fried, are used in food.
Ecology and spread of fungus fungus (witch egg):
It grows most often in deciduous forests, prefers humus-rich soils. Spores are spread by insects attracted by the smell of the fungus.
Other egg-like mushrooms
Mutinus canine (Mutinus caninus).
Family: Merry (Phallaceae).
Season: end of June - September.
Growth: single and in groups.
Description:
The flesh is porous, very tender. The fine-tuberous tip of the “leg” when maturing is covered with brown-olive spore-bearing mucus with the smell of falling. When the insects gnaw the mucus, the top of the fruit body turns orange and then the entire fruit body begins to decompose quickly.
The “leg” is hollow, spongy, yellowish. The young fruiting body is ovoid, 2-3 cm in diameter, light, with a root process.
The skin of the egg remains the vagina at the base of the “leg”.
This egg-like mushroom is considered inedible. According to some reports, young fruiting bodies in the egg shell can be eaten.
Ecology and distribution:
It grows in coniferous forests, usually near rotten logs and stumps, sometimes on sawdust and rotting wood.
Scaly cystoderma (Cystoderma carcharias).
Family: Champignon (Agaricaceae).
Season: mid-August - November.
Growth: single and in small groups.
Description:
The cap of young mushrooms is conical or ovoid. The cap of mature mushrooms is flat-convex or prostrate. The lamellae are frequent, thin, grown, with intermediate plates, whitish. The skin is dry, pinkish. The funnel-shaped ring is pinkish-gray.
Leg slightly thickened to base, granularly scaly, of the same color with a hat.
The pulp is fragile, pale pink or white, with a woody or earthy smell.
The mushroom is considered conditionally edible, but its taste is low. Practically not consumed.
Ecology and distribution:
It grows coniferous and mixed (with pine) forests, on chalky soils, in moss, on the litter. In deciduous forests is extremely rare.
Caesar mushroom (Amanita caesarea).
Family: Amanitaceae (Amanitaceae).
Season: June - October.
Growth: single-handedly.
Description:
The cap of young mushrooms is ovoid or hemispherical. The cap of mature mushrooms is convex or flat, with a furrowed edge. In the “egg” stage, the Caesar mushroom can be confused with a pale grebe, from which it differs by section: a yellow skin of a hat and a very thick general coverlet.
The skin is golden-orange or bright red, dry, usually without any residual bedspread. The Volvo is white on the outside, the inner surface can be yellowish. The Volvo is free, baggy, up to 6 cm wide, up to 4-5 mm thick.
The flesh of the cap is fleshy, under the skin light yellow. The plates are golden yellow, free, frequent, wide in the middle, the edges are slightly fringed. The flesh of the legs is white, without a characteristic smell and taste.
Since ancient times it is considered one of the best delicacies. Ripe mushrooms can be boiled, baked on a wire rack or grilled; the mushroom is also suitable for drying and pickling.Young mushrooms coated with unbroken Volvo are used raw in salads.
Ecology and distribution:
It forms mycorrhiza with beech, oak, chestnut and other hardwoods. It grows on the soil in deciduous, occasionally in coniferous forests, prefers sandy soils, warm and dry places. Distributed in the Mediterranean subtropics. In the countries of the former USSR it is found in the western regions of Georgia, in Azerbaijan, in the North Caucasus, in the Crimea and Transcarpathia. Stable warm weather (not lower than 20 ° С) is necessary for fruiting for 15-20 days.
Similar species.
Caesar's mushroom is distinguished by the yellow color of the ring and plates (in the fly agaric they are white) from the red fly agaric (the remains of the bedspread from the cap of which are sometimes washed off).
Pale grebe (Amanita phalloides).
Family: Amanitaceae (Amanitaceae).
Season: beginning of August - mid-October.
Growth: single and in groups.
Description:
The hat is olive, greenish or grayish, from hemispherical to flat, with a smooth edge and a fibrous surface. The plates are white, soft, free.
The leg is the color of a hat or whitish, often covered with a moire pattern. Volvo is well defined, free, lobed, white, 3-5cm wide, often half immersed in the soil. The ring is wide at first, fringed, striped on the outside, often disappears with age. the remains of the bedspread are usually absent. The fruit body at a young age is ovoid, completely covered with a film.
The pulp is white, fleshy, does not change color when damaged, with a mild taste and smell. Thickening at the base of the leg.
One of the most dangerous poisonous mushrooms. Contains bicyclic toxic polypeptides that are not destroyed by heat treatment and cause fatty degeneration and liver necrosis. The lethal dose for an adult is 30 g of mushroom (one hat); for a child - a quarter of a hat. Not only fruiting bodies are poisonous, but also spores, therefore, close to the pale toadstool other mushrooms and berries should not be collected. A special danger of the fungus is that signs of poisoning do not appear for a long time. In the period from 6 to 48 hours after use, indomitable vomiting, intestinal colic, muscle pain, unquenchable thirst, cholera-like diarrhea (often with blood) appear. Jaundice and enlarged liver are possible. Pulse - weak, low blood pressure, loss of consciousness. Effective methods of treatment after the onset of symptoms do not exist. On the third day there comes a “period of false well-being," which usually lasts from two to four days. In fact, the destruction of the liver and kidneys continues at this time. Death usually occurs within 10 days of poisoning.
Ecology and distribution:
It forms mycorrhiza with various deciduous species (oak, beech, hazel), prefers fertile soils, light deciduous and mixed forests.
Champignon forest (Agaricus silvaticus).
Family: Champignon (Agaricaceae).
Season: end of June - mid-October.
Growth: in groups.
Description:
The plates are first white, then dark brown, narrowed to the ends. The flesh is white, when it breaks, it turns red.
The hat is ovoid-bell-shaped; when ripe, flat-spread, brown-brown, with dark scales.
The leg is cylindrical, often slightly swollen to the base. The membranous white ring of the egg-like mushroom often disappears at maturity.
Tasty edible mushroom. Used fresh and pickled.
Ecology and distribution:
It grows in coniferous (spruce) and mixed (with spruce) forests, often near ant heaps or on them. Abundantly appears after rains.
Reddish cinnabar red (Calostoma cinnabarina).
Family: Pseudo-raincoat (Sclerodermataceae).
Season: the end of summer is autumn.
Growth: single and in groups.
Description:
The porous foot is surrounded by a gelatinous membrane.
The outer shell of the fruiting body breaks and tears. As it ripens, the leg lengthens, raising the fruit n above the substrate.
The fruit body is round, ovoid or tuberous, in young mushrooms from red to red-orange, enclosed in a three-layer shell.
Inedible.
Ecology and distribution:
It grows on soil, in deciduous and mixed forests, at the edges, along the side of roads and paths. Prefers sandy and clay soils. Common in North America; rarely found in Russia in the south of Primorsky Krai.
Warty false raincoat (Scleroderma verrucosum).
Family: Pseudo-raincoat (Sclerodermataceae).
Season: August - October.
Growth: single and in groups.
Description:
The fruiting body is tuberous or kidney-shaped, often flattened from above. The skin is thin, cork-skinned, dirty white, then ocher-yellow with brownish scales or warts.
When ripe, the pulp becomes flabby, grayish-black, acquiring a powdery structure. A root-shaped outgrowth from wide flat mycelial cords.
The false leg is often elongated.
Weakly poisonous mushroom. In large quantities, it causes poisoning, accompanied by dizziness, stomach cramps, and vomiting.
Ecology and distribution: It grows on dry sandy soils in forests, gardens and parks, on clearings, often on roadsides, the edges of ditches, along paths.
Golovach is saccular (Calvatia utriformis).
Family: Champignon (Agaricaceae).
Season: end of May - mid-September.
Growth: single and in small groups.
Description:
The fruiting body is broadly egg-shaped, sacciform, flattened on top, with a base in the form of a false leg. The outer shell is thick, woolly, initially white, later turns yellow and turns brown.
The pulp is first white, then becomes greenish and dark brown.
The ripe mushroom cracks, breaks at the top and breaks up.
Edible young mushrooms with white flesh. It is used boiled and dried. It has a hemostatic effect.
Ecology and distribution:
It grows in deciduous and mixed forests, at the edges and glades, in meadows, pastures, pastures, on arable land.
