Mushrooms: value categories and uses

Despite the fact that mycology as a branch of biology that studies mushrooms originated in the middle of the nineteenth century, there are still many open questions. So, it is still not clear whether the object of study itself belongs to the plant or animal world. It is not proven whether fruiting bodies, which are considered poisonous, are so dangerous. It is not completely clear how conditionally edible mushrooms can be used. There are many other unlit issues regarding the origin of mushrooms and their use by humans.

It used to be that the history of the study of mushrooms originates in China and has more than two thousand years. However, an event that has become a sensation has recently gained fame in Europe. In the Tyrolean Alps, a frozen man was found in the glacier, who was named Otsi. By the radiocarbon method, it was possible to establish that this primitive inhabitant of our planet fell into ice captivity 5300 years ago. The most amazing thing about this find is that mushrooms were found in this primitive man. One of them was a white fly agaric, which could serve a person as an amulet. Three other dried and frozen mushrooms contained an acid similar in its therapeutic effect to an antibiotic.

The categories of mushrooms and how to use them are described in detail in this article.

What categories are forest mushrooms

At first, mushrooms were attributed to plants, but in the 1990s and in the early 2000s, much was written about the fact that mushrooms belong to the animal world. This is not surprising, since many properties combine them with animals. For example, germ cells of fungi in the form of plasmodium during the breeding season can move at a speed of 5 mm per hour.

Mushrooms by nutritional value are divided into 4 categories:

• 1st category - the most valuable and delicious forest species giving mushroom products of excellent quality (white, mushrooms, saffron mushrooms, Caesar mushroom).
• 2nd category - good and rather valuable mushrooms of high, but not excellent quality (brown boletus, boletus, boletus, chanterelles, mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms).
• 3rd category - edible mushrooms of medium quality and taste (mushrooms, russula, black breast, chanterelles, valui),
• 4th category - low-value forest mushrooms (rows, cobwebs and others).

It should be noted that the categories of the main types of mushrooms are defined and approved in the "Sanitary rules for the harvesting, processing and sale of mushrooms SP 2.3.4.009-93." Knowing which category the mushrooms belong to, one can plan the way they are used.

The next section of the article is devoted to how a person uses mushrooms.

Culinary and medical use of mushrooms

It is also surprising that the use of fresh forest mushrooms is possible all year round, including the winter period.

Mushrooms are an amazing natural phenomenon, their main purpose in human life is as follows:

• The culinary use of mushrooms for the preparation of tasty, healthy and affordable dishes (since ancient times in Russia, they ate during the fasts, breasts, chanterelles, honey agarics, mushrooms and mushrooms).
• Cooking and delicacies delicacies used in feasts and at high-level meetings.
• The manufacture of medicinal and medicinal folk remedies, for example, from raincoats (for hemostatic purposes), etc.
• The use of mushrooms in medicine for the manufacture of medicines and pharmaceuticals on an industrial scale, for example, the creation of flammulin from winter mushrooms, which has anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects.
• Mushrooms are unique in their variety of properties. These properties need to be comprehensively studied. There is an opinion of scientists that mushrooms contain all the necessary useful and medicinal substances for people, but only a part of them have been fully studied. In recent years, interest in the medicinal properties of mushrooms has increased significantly. The reason for this lies in the discovery of a number of new properties and fungi that have anti-cancer and anti-infectious properties that can be used in the manufacture of drugs that help at any stage of the disease, for example, medicines based on birch chaga. However, there is another side. The use of all mushrooms indiscriminately led to poisoning, hallucinogenic manifestations and even death.
• Getting pleasure from the "mushroom hunt." Today, more than a million species of mushrooms are known, of which only 100 thousand have been studied. Nature, as it were, tells us: study and use mushrooms comprehensively, but skillfully! The Japanese believe that if you eat 100 grams of honey mushrooms every day, then a person will never have any oncological diseases. Mushrooms can be cured, many useful medicines have been obtained from them, and more needs to be investigated. They can be poisoned, but can be cured. Mushrooms are so diverse in their properties that it seems that they can find drugs for the treatment of any disease, but for this it is necessary to continue comprehensive research. You can argue or agree with the opinion of scientists about the properties of many species, but one thing is certain: the useful potential of mushrooms is huge. This direction has a great future!

How can a person use forest mushrooms correctly

In terms of nutrition and nutritional value, mushrooms are not inferior to meat, but their protein is difficult to digest and requires prolonged heat treatment and grinding. This applies to most species, but not to all mushrooms. But the assimilation of macro- and microelements contained in them, brings undoubted benefit, especially in the winter. The presence of vitamins and essential amino acids, the deficiency of which severely affects the functioning of the body, as a whole makes the use of mushrooms not only pleasant, but also useful.

Limitations can be with exacerbation of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, distant gall bladder, chronic pancreatitis and cholecystitis. You should always compare the sensations from the taken food with the state of your internal environment and rationally approach gastronomic hobbies. Then mushroom treats will bring great pleasure and benefit.

The temperature treatment with any method of using mushrooms in cooking does not always make mushrooms safe for consumption. So, thin sows accumulate toxic substances. Of course, from a single use, a negative effect is not observed, but prolonged - leads to a change in blood composition and damage to liver cells. That is why thin sows are classified as poisonous mushrooms.

A similar situation is with ordinary lines. Normal boiling for 15-20 minutes and draining the water allows you to use them once in a small amount. However, their repeated use leads to a negative effect on the stomach and the appearance of pain, therefore they are also poisonous.

The Russian people are inventive in cooking. The villagers have passed recipes from generation to generation. Urban residents add to the traditional recipes the restaurant experience of foreign cuisine, especially Italian and Japanese.