Summer mushrooms: a description of the species
In Russia, tubular ones are most often collected from summer mushrooms: white, semi-white, boletus, boletus, boletus. In some foreign countries they prefer lamellar species of mushrooms such as mushrooms, mushrooms.
You will learn about what mushrooms are harvested in summer, and what inedible species appear in forests in June by reading this material.
What types of mushrooms are harvested in summer
Semi-white mushroom, or yellow boletus (Boletus impolitus).
Habitats: singly and in groups in deciduous and mixed forests.
Season: from June to September.
The hat is 5-15 cm in diameter, sometimes up to 20 cm, at first - hemispherical, later cushion-shaped and convex. A distinctive feature of the species is a slightly felt clay or yellow-brown hat with small slightly darker spots. Over time, the surface of the hat will crack. The peel is not removable.
Leg 4-15 cm tall, 1-4 cm thick. The leg first has a white-cream color, and later - gray-yellowish or yellowish-brownish.
As shown in the photo, in these summer mushrooms the upper part of the leg is lighter, straw:
The surface is rough, fleecy at the base, without a mesh pattern.
The pulp is dense, at first whitish, later light yellow, does not change color at the cut, the taste is pleasant, sweetish, the smell slightly resembles iodoform.
The tubular layer is free, first yellow, later olive yellow, when pressed, the color does not change. The spores are olive yellow.
Variability: the color of the hat changes from light olive yellow to tan.
Similar views. Semi-white mushroom is also similar to edible chunky boletus (Boletus radicans), which on the cut and when pressed, turns blue.
Methods of preparation: pickling, salting, frying, cooking soups, drying.
Edible, 2nd and 3rd category.
Flywheel.
Speaking about which mushrooms grow in the summer, of course, it is necessary to talk about the moss fly. These are rare, but unusually attractive mushrooms. By their taste, they are close to boletus. Their first wave appears in June, the second in August, the late wave may be in October.
Velvet flywheel (Boletus prunatus).
Habitats: grows in deciduous, coniferous forests.
Season: June-October.
Hat with a diameter of 4-12 cm, sometimes up to 15 cm, hemispherical. A distinctive feature of the species is a dry matte, velvety-brown hat with lighter edges. The peel on the hat is dry, fine-grained and almost felt, with time it becomes smoother, a little slippery after rain.
Look at the photo - these mushrooms growing in summer have a cylindrical pedicle, 4-10 cm high, 6-20 mm thick:
The leg is usually painted in lighter colors than the hat, often curved. Creamy yellow and reddish colors are preferred.
The pulp is dense, whitish with a yellowish tinge, slightly blue when pressed.The flesh of these edible summer mushrooms has a weak mushroom taste and smell.
The tubules in their youth are creamy yellowish, later yellow-green. The spores are yellowish.
Variability: the hat becomes dry and velvety over time, and the color of the hat changes from brown to reddish-brown and brown-brown. The color of the legs varies from light brown and tan to reddish brown.
There are no poisonous doubles. The velvet flywheel is similar in shape to colorful flywheel (Boletus chtysenteron), which is characterized by the presence of cracks in the hat.
Cooking Methods: drying, pickling, cooking.
Edible, 3rd category.
Psatirella.
In the June forest there are many inconspicuous whitish-yellowish mushrooms with a hat in the shape of an umbrella. These first mushrooms grow everywhere in the summer, especially a lot of them near forest paths. They are called Psatirella Candolle.
Psathyrella Candolleana
Habitats: soil, rotten wood and stumps of deciduous trees grow in clusters.
Season: June-October.
The hat has a diameter of 3-6 cm, sometimes up to 9 cm, first bell-shaped, later convex, later convex-spread. A distinctive feature of the species is at first a whitish-yellowish, later with a violet-brimmed hat with white flakes on the edge and an even white-cream leg. In addition, thin radial fibers are often visible on the surface of the cap.
The leg has a height of 3-8 cm, a thickness of 3 to 7 mm, fibrous, slightly expanded near the base, brittle, white-cream with a slight flaky coating on the top.
Pulp: at first whitish, later yellowish, in young specimens without a particular smell and taste, in mature and old mushrooms - with an unpleasant odor and bitter taste.
The plates are grown, frequent, narrow, first whitish, later gray-violet, gray-pink, dirty brown, gray-brown or dark purple.
Variability. The color of the hat can vary from white-cream to yellowish to pinkish-cream in young specimens and to yellow-brown and with violet edges in mature specimens.
Similar views. Pandirella Candolla is similar in shape and size to the golden yellow lashes (Pluteus luteovirens), which is distinguished by a golden yellow hat with a darker center.
They are conventionally edible, since only the youngest specimens can be eaten and no later than 2 hours after collection, in which the color of the plates is still light. From mature specimens, black water and a bitter taste are obtained.
These photos show summer mushrooms, the description of which is given above:
Udemanciella.
In the pine forests in the suburbs you can find unusual summer mushrooms - radiant uedemansiella with radial stripes on the hat. At a young age they are light brown, and with age they become dark brown and are clearly visible on a bed of pine needles.
Udemansiella radiant (Oudemansiella radicata).
Habitats: deciduous and coniferous forests, in parks, at the base of trunks, at stumps and on roots, usually grow alone. A rare species, listed in the regional Red Books, status - 3R.
These mushrooms are harvested in the summer, starting in July. The collection season ends in September.
The hat has a diameter of 3-8 cm, sometimes up to 10 cm, first convexly spread with a blunt tubercle, later almost flat and then, like a wilted flower, with dark brown edges falling down. A distinctive feature of the species is the light brown color of the cap and the convex pattern of the tubercle and radial stripes or rays. From above, these bulges look like a chamomile or other flower. The hat is thin, wrinkled.
The leg is long, 8-15 cm high, sometimes up to 20 cm, 4-12 mm thick, expanded at the base, deeply immersed in the soil, with a root-shaped process. In young mushrooms, the color of the stalk is almost uniform — whitish, in mature mushrooms — whitish on top with a powdery coating, light brownish in the middle and the leg often twisted, dark brown, longitudinally fibrous at the bottom.
The pulp of these mushrooms growing in the summer is thin, whitish or grayish, without any particular smell.
The plates are rare, grown, later free, white, grayish.
Variability: the color of the hat varies from gray-brown to gray-yellow, yellow-brown, and in old age to dark brown and in shape it becomes like a dark flower with petals lowered down.
Similar views. The Udemanciella radiant is so characteristic and unique because of the presence of radiant bulges on the hat that it is difficult to confuse it with another look.
Cooking Methods: boil, fry.
Edible, 4th category.
In the next section of the article, you will find out which mushrooms growing in the summer are inedible.
Inedible Summer Mushrooms
Mycena.
In the June forest, mycenae appear on stumps and rotten trees. Although these small mushrooms on a thin leg are inedible, they give the forest a unique and peculiar look of diversity and completeness.
Mycena amicta (Mycena amicta).
Habitats: coniferous and mixed forests, on stumps, at the roots, on dying branches, grow in large groups.
Season: June-September.
The hat has a diameter of 0.5-1.5 cm, bell-shaped. A distinctive feature of the species is a bell-shaped hat with pressed edges with a small tubercle that looks like a button, light cream in color with a tan or olive-brown center and with a slightly ribbed edge. The surface of the cap is covered with small scales.
The leg is thin 3-6 cm tall, 1-2 mm thick, cylindrical, smooth, sometimes with a root process, first translucent, later grayish-brownish, covered with fine whitish granularity.
The pulp is thin, whitish, has an unpleasant odor.
The plates are frequent, narrow, slightly descending along the leg, first white, later gray.
Variability: the color of the hat in the middle varies from tan to olive brown, sometimes with a bluish tint.
Similar views. The amikit mycena, by the color of the hat, is similar to the inclined Mycena (Mycena inclinata), which is distinguished by the cap-shaped form of the cap and a light cream leg with a powdery coating.
Inedible due to an unpleasant odor.
Mycena is pure, the form is purple (Mycena pura, f. Violaceus).
Habitats: these mushrooms grow in summer in deciduous forests, among moss and on forest litter, and grow in groups and singly.
Season: June-September.
The hat has a diameter of 2-6 cm, first conical or bell-shaped, later flat. A distinctive feature of the species is the almost flat shape of the lilac-violet primary color with deep radial stripes and protruding teeth on the edges of the plates. The hat has two color zones: the inner one is a darker violet-lilac, the outer one is a lighter lilac-cream. It happens that there are three color zones at once: the inside is creamy yellowish or creamy pinkish, the second concentric zone is purple-lilac, the third, on the edge, is again light, as in the middle.
Leg 4-8 cm tall, 3-6 mm, cylindrical, dense, the same color as the hat, covered with many longitudinal lilac-blackish fibers. In mature specimens, the upper part of the peduncle is colored in light colors, and the lower part in dark.
The flesh of the hat is white, of the leg is lilac, with a strong smell of radish and taste of turnip.
The plates are rare, wide, adherent, between which there are shorter free plates.
Variability: the color of the hat varies greatly from pinkish-lilac to purple.
The color of the plates varies from white-pink to light purple.
Similar views. This mycene is similar to bell-shaped mycena (Mycena galericulata), which is distinguished by the presence of a pronounced tubercle on the cap.
Inedible, as tasteless.
Ryadovka.
The first June ranks inedible. They fill the blossoming forest with a peculiar charm.
White row (Tricholoma album).
Habitats: deciduous and mixed forests, especially with birch and beech, mainly on acidic soils, grow in groups, often on the edges, in shrubs, and parks.
Season: July-October.
The hat is 3-8 cm in diameter, sometimes up to 13 cm, dry, smooth, first hemispherical, later convex-prostrate. The edges become slightly wavy with age.The color of the hat is initially whitish or white-cream, and with age, with buffy or yellowish spots. The edge of the cap is bent down.
The leg has 4-10 cm of height, 6-15 mm of thickness, cylindrical, dense, elastic, sometimes on top with a powdery coating, curved, fibrous. The color of the legs is first whitish, and later yellowish with a reddish tinge, sometimes at the base with a brownish color and tapers.
The pulp is white, dense, fleshy, in young mushrooms with a faint odor, and in mature specimens with a pungent musty musty odor and pungent taste.
The plates are notched, of unequal length of white, later white-cream color.
Similarity to other species. Rowadovka white at an early stage of growth is similar to gray row (Tricholoma portentosum), which is edible and has a different smell, not pungent, but pleasant.
As it grows, the difference increases due to grayish.
Inedible due to strong unpleasant smell and taste, which cannot be eliminated even with long boiling.
